Start with an appropriate head-lice treatment and follow its instructions carefully. Depending on the product, a second treatment may be required several days later to kill newly hatched lice.

Using a fine-toothed lice comb can also help. Work through damp, detangled hair in small sections, wiping or rinsing the comb after each pass. Continue checking the scalp regularly afterward.

Check other household members as well, particularly anyone who has had close head-to-head contact. Avoid sharing brushes, combs, hats, hair accessories, pillows, or similar personal items until the situation has been addressed.

You generally don’t need to disinfect your entire house. Wash recently used bedding, clothing, and towels as appropriate, and clean combs and brushes. Avoid insecticide sprays or potentially dangerous home remedies such as gasoline or kerosene. If treatment repeatedly fails, you’re uncertain whether you’re actually seeing lice, or your child develops significant scalp irritation or infection, contact a pharmacist or healthcare professional for advice.